Many books have already been written about this problem. The fact is that over the years, due to the liberal policy of WordPress, themes have grown into adware-systems whose main purpose is to create a sales funnel. Most classic themes are like a webhook, with which the theme developer-company clings to your website and establishes its presence here. At this point, you're invited to visit a different template catalog and choose a design you like (and yes, this time you'll receive it after installation). However, most designs will be paid and if they're free, they require a paid plugin or a plugin that creates a menu item in your admin-panel with the theme developer's store.
Also, each theme is a separate universe. In addition to in-built store of designs and plugins, it contains a design management system, which typically has nothing in common with the management systems of other themes. And it can be even more complex than WordPress itself. So, if you've ever customized a theme in Theme Customizer - it doesn't mean you'll be able to customize another theme without first understanding and learning it's concept.
But the thigns are not all bad. A few years ago, WordPress finally decided to make it possible to choose and install themes without going through this commercial quest. It introduced Block Themes – unified for the built-in WordPress editor - Gutenberg. These themes install and immediately transform your site, as shown in the preview. All you have to do is replace the default content and images with your own (at least to start the website). Editing and customizing themes has also become more or less standardized. So, when choosing a theme for your site (if you're a beginner and not looking for a complicated approach), use the Block Themes filter.
If you're an experienced web developer, maybe creating your own theme can be your best option. You probably already have a responsive template with standard blocks (header, footer, sidebar, menu, homepage, page template). Turning it into a WordPress theme isn't too difficult. And you might be able to customize it more easily than if you were to navigate someone else's theme settings, which is like learning a foreign language.
WordPress All-in-One For Dummies
2024 by Lisa Sabin-Wilson

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Professional WordPress Plugin Development
2011 by Brad Williams, Ozh Richard, Justin Tadlock

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WordPress Complete - Sixth Edition
2017 by Karol Krol

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