Microsoft's idea was like this: to create a platform (a set of libraries, a framework) called .Net, which would work on any operating system (Windows, Mac, Linux, Web, mobile) and for which you can write programs in any programming language. And then all programmers will use .Net and Microsoft will control the world.
However, this Napoleonic plan did not come true and now in fact the .Net platform only works on Windows computers. That is, in most cases, only programs for Windows are written in .Net. Also, Microsoft's dream of supporting any language did not come true. They simply got fed up with maintaining .Net compatibility with different languages and ended up creating their own language - C#. And now it is the only language that makes sense to program for .Net.
Here are some PDF books about C# and .Net
A Natural Introduction to Computer Programming with C#
2004 by Kari Laitinen

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C# and the .NET Platform
2001 by Andrew Troelsen

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Programming .NET Windows Applications
2004 by Jesse Liberty, Dan Hurwitz

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